Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA

Definition and references
Pickwickian syndrome
Prevalence of sleep apnea
Global Burden
SDB and Positional Therapy
Symptoms of sleep apnea
Features of excessive sleepiness
Depression
Quality of life
Features in children
Growth Trends – OSA
Driving
Predisposing factors
Epworth Sleepiness Scale
Examination findings
Neck Circumference
Obesity and sleep apnea
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
Pathophysiology of weight
Weight reduction
Leptin and sleep apnea
Insulin Resistance
Diabetes
Diabetes, OSA and CR
Associated disorders
Acromegaly
Marfan Syndrome
Shy Drager Disorder
Myotonic Dystrophy
Amyloidosis
Down Syndrome
Pregnancy and sleep apnea
Physiological effects
Hemodynamic consequences
Mechanisms of cardiovascular disease
Heart Rate Variability
C-Reactive protein
Endothelin
sCD40L and sP-selectin
Pentraxin-3 and Sleep Apnea
Cardiovascular consequences
Cardiovascular disease
OSA During REM Sleep
OSA, CV, and Insomnia
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Skipping Breakfast
OSA Symptom Subtypes
CPAP and AF
CPAP and Renal Function
Systemic hypertension
Ambulatory blood pressure
Blood pressure during apneas
Drug-resistant hypertension
Pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary artery pressure during apnea
Cardiac arrhythmias
Frequency of arrhythmias
Atrial Fibrillation
Atrial Fibrillation/Stroke
Sinus arrest
Hypoxemia causes PVC’s
Tachycardia with ectopics
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial Injury
Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
Coronary artery disease
Infarction circadian rhythm
Sudden death
CPAP Preventing CV Events
Dyslipidemia and OSA
Atherosclerosis and oxygen desaturation
Advanced glycation end products
Cardiac Amyloidosis
Cancer and Sleep OSA
Sarcoidosis and OSA
Sarcoidosis and Prevalence
RLS
Neurologic consequences
Cognitive aspects
Neuropsychological effects
Intellectual function
White matter loss
Gray matter loss
Hypometabolism
Cerebral anoxia
Cerebral blood flow
Cerebrovascular disease
Cerebral anoxia
APOE4
Amyloid-Beta and Tau in Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea and stroke
Accupuncture and Stroke
Silent Brain Infarction
Papilledema
Intracranial hypertension
Pathophysiology
Male/Female Upper Airway Differences
Nasal pathology
Fiberoptic endoscopy
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Computer tomography of the upper airway
Mallampati, Tonsil size, Fujita
3D Upper airway
Hypopharynx
Cephalometric X-ray
Larynx
Soft tissue changes
Skeletal abnormalities:
Treacher Collins syndrome
Stickler syndrome
Achondroplasia syndrome
Crouzon syndrome
Apert syndrome
Velo-cardio-facial syndrome
Facial-auriculo-vertebral syndrome
CHARGE syndrome
Prader-Willi
Cleft Lip and Palate
Retrognathia
Chronic Insomnia Disorder
CBT for OSA and Insomnia
Phenotypical Subtypes of OSA
Polysomnography
Polysomnography Montage
Typical PSG test results
Polysomnographic Phenotypes
Sleep fragmentation
Split night polysomnography
Multiple sleep latency test
ESS vs MSLT
At-home polysomnography
Portable monitoring
Portable PSG – Use
Portable PSG – Indications
HSAT
Narcolepsy and HSAT
Berlin Questionnaire
Differential diagnosis:
Central sleep apnea syndrome
Phrenic Nerve Stimulation
Central sleep apnea – Pathophysiology
Obesity Hypoventilation
Nonobstructive alveolar hypypoventialtion
Complex sleep apnea
Primary snoring
Upper airway resistance syndrome
Sleep Related Groaning
Overlap Syndrome
Overlap Syndrome/Cardiovascular Outcomes
COPD
COPD and Hypoventilation
Asthma and OSA
Overlap
OSA and Dementia
Treatment of sleep apnea
CBT-I and CPAP
Behavioral treatments
Medical treatment
Weight loss
Pharmacological therapy
Acetazolamide
Modafinil
Solriamfetol
Pitolisant
Medications to be Avoided
Opioids and OSA
Semaglutide
GLP – 1
Oxygen therapy
Continuous positive airway pressure
Practice parameters on CPAP
CPAP compliance
Neurocognitive Performance
CPAP Adherence
CPAP and Endoscopy
Pharyngeal Patterns of Collapse
TAP PAP
CPAP humidification
Pressure Modification
Bilevel CPAP
Comparison with CPAP
Automatic CPAP
Adaptive Servo-ventilation
ASV and CHF
Autotitrating CPAP
Autotitrating CPAP-Practice Parameters
Oronasal CPAP mask
Response to CPAP Treatment
Car crashes
Cognitive function
Partial reversal
Failure of cortical activation
Heart Failure
Atherosclerosis
Blood Pressure
Weight Loss and/or CPAP
CPAP improves insulin resistance
Quality of life
Sleepiness
Residual Respiratory Events
Sleep Spindles and OSA
NIPPV
Oral pressure therapy (OPT)
Oral appliances
3D views of oral appliance in place
Adverse effects – oral appliances
Implant-retained oral appliances
Mandibular repositioner
Commonly-used oral appliances
Herbst appliance
Snore guard
Therasnore
PM positioner
Tongue retaining device
Klearway
Snor-x
Elastomeric
OSAP
NAPA
The Silencer
The Somnoguard
OASYS
Atrial pacing
Provent
NMES
Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy in OSA
Anesthesia
Perioperative Detection of OSA
Airway Management in OSA
Day of Surgery Diagnosis of OSA
Surgical treatment
Turbinectomy \ septal reconstruction
Improvement Post-nasal Surgery
Same-stage nasal surgery
Tonsilectomy and adenoidectomy
Efficacy – tonsillectomy
Adverse Effects – tonsillectomy
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Type of Collapse
UPPP Complications
Upper Airway Stimulation v Surgery
UPPP and atherosclerosis
UPPP and OA Therapy
Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty
LAUP Efficacy
Lingual tonsillectomy
UPPP + LMG
UPPP + TBRHE
Genioglossal advancement
UPPP + GA
Hyoid myotomy and suspension
UPPP + GA + HM-1
Maxillomandibular advancement
Staged surgical procedures
MMA + GA + UPPP
Corrective Nasal Surgery
Radiofrequency surgery
Radiofrequency Palatoplasty
RF – Tongue Base
Tongue base suspension
TBS – Efficacy
Ultrasonographic Image
Palatal Implants
PP-Efficacy
Hyoidplasty
Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation
Upper-Airway Stimulation for OSA
UAS and Insomnia
Tracheostomy
Bariatric surgery
Gastroplasty – Efficacy
TORS
TORs and Palate Surgery
Conclusion